PKM and pulmonary tuberculosis: In our studies, upregulation of Pkm2/PKM2 in Mtb-infected murine macrophages, mouse and rabbit lungs as well as in the granulomas of human pulmonary TB patients (71) (Figures 1–3; Table 1) suggests that PKM2 has a similar regulatory role in facilitating the induction of HIF-1α-mediated Warburg effect and the associated antimicrobial response during Mtb infection.