Although activation of PKR by other stimuli such as poly(I:C) had been shown to be associated with induction of NO production, they found that L. amazonensis infection inhibited PKR-dependent NO production by a mechanism that involved aberrant induction of NF-κB; specifically, infection induced the translocation of the inhibitory p50/p50 homodimer into the nucleus. Here, NFKB1 is linked to infection.