Gabrilovich et al. demonstrated that growth factors produced by tumor cells, in particular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL-6, IL-10, macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), induced severe developmental defects in DCs as well as general dysfunction of myelopoiesis (144–147), and later studies showed that these effects can be traced to STAT3 activation in myeloid progenitors. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and neoplasm.