GCG and metabolic syndrome: While hypercortisolism was early suspected to be causative for MetS (Brindley, 1995; Peeke and Chrousos, 1995), first diachronic evidence that chronic stress is largest cause of MetS via HPA and glucagon upregulation (Brunner et al., 2002; Wang, 2005) was documented in the Whitehall II sample of middle aged (Anagnostis et al., 2009).