In 1986, Landsberg (Kaufman et al., 1986; Landsberg, 1986; Landsberg and Young, 1986) first described an association of sympathetic outflow and noradrenaline levels, and carbohydrate (but not protein) intake (Kaufman et al., 1986; Landsberg, 1986; Landsberg and Young, 1986), with subsequent insulin action and thermogenesis, finally resulting in hypertension. This evidence concerns the gene INS and hypertensive disorder.