CDH1 and ovarian neoplasm: However, while a few studies suggest that E-cadherin is upregulated in OVCA effusions [52, 53], the great majority suggest that the loss or reduced levels of E-cadherin contribute to the transition from benign to borderline ovarian lesions, to poorly differentiated ovarian tumors, and to the local invasion and metastasis [28, 47, 54–58].