TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: It is known that Type I IFNs and TNF can mutually suppress each other’s expression, and it has been suggested that changes in the cross-regulation of these pathways might affect the balance between the potential destructive and protective roles of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [61].