TLL1 and GATA6 have been identified as pathogenic mutations in sporadic ASD4, 5, while NKX2.5, GATA4, TBX20, MYH6, and TBX5 contribute to ASD in families with autosomal dominant inheritance6, 7, 8, 9, 10. This evidence concerns the gene GATA4 and atrial septal defect.