Recently, it has been published that three variants in the coding sequence of the APOL1 gene are responsible for the development of different types of non-diabetic end stage renal disease (ESRD), like idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), HIVAN and hypertension-induced nephropathy in patients with African ancestry and Hispanics. Here, APOL1 is linked to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.