However, the opposite effect was observed after treatment with AMPK agonists such as metformin or AICAR, which inhibited hyperglycemia-induced intracellular and mitochondrial ROS production and increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated response-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1 α) and SOD2. Here, PRKAA2 is linked to Hyperglycemia.