INS and metabolic syndrome: Adiponectin is also inversely associated with IR in human populations and some studies have demonstrated that adiponectin exerts an insulin-sensitizing effect;17 elevated resistin has been shown in obese rodents.15 In the other hand, increased levels of circulating FFAs and dyslipidemia can be found in T2DM patients; and increased ceramides biosynthesis induced by TNF-α or saturated FFAs seems to impair insulin action.18