Obesity is a key risk factor for T2DM as it lowers insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and induced IR3—just elevating body mass index (BMI) from 27 to 29.9 can result in serious metabolic complications.4 IR is a multi-factorial condition in which overnutrition triggers increased inflammation and impaired lipid metabolism, characteristic features of T2DM. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.