It has been shown that during progression from adaptive hypertrophy to heart failure, miR-214 and miR-30* together regulate cardiac vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis by targeting X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP1), a key transcription factor of the unfolded protein response in mammalian cells [26]. This evidence concerns the gene XBP1 and heart failure.