IFNG and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps: Compared to the controls and CRSsNP, the quantities of TH1 associated cytokines IL-12 (Fig. 2a), as well as IFN-γ (Fig. 2b) were decreased in NP (IL-12: median 108 pg/ml, range 17–211 pg/ml, p < 0.001 vs. controls and vs. CRSsNP; INF-γ median 63 pg/ml, range 0–308 pg/ml, p < 0.001 vs. controls and p < 0.01 vs. CRSsNP).