Moreover, we show that there is an additional contribution to this cell loss from changes in GSK-3β in mHtt-containing astrocytes, supporting astrocyte–neuron interactions as essential components in the neuronal dysfunction that characterises neurodegenerative diseases, including HD.5, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 38, 39, 62, 63, 64, 65. Here, GSK3B is linked to Huntington disease.