Interestingly, TLR2 and TLR5 variants have been identified with increased risk of several tumors, including MALT-lymphoma.[20] Furthermore, it has been recently demonstrated that TLR2 mutations may contribute to the pathogenesis of a subset of MCL by modulating tumor microenvironment responses.[21] Thus, aiming to identify new therapeutic targets for counteracting the tumor promoting effects of lymphoma microenvironment, we extensively investigated the role of TLR2 and TLR5 and their signaling in MCL cells. The gene discussed is TLR5; the disease is MALT lymphoma.