IARS1 and autoimmune disease: The mechanism of how IRS hypomethylation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is unclear; however, it has been suggested that it could cause aberrant regulation of neighboring genes that have a role in the regulation of the immune response [35, 36], as well as causing nonspecific autoimmune activation via the presence of viral dsRNA or ssRNA transcripts in the circulation [37–39].