Additionally, TG2 has shown non enzymatic (Ca2+-independent) activities which include cell growth,11 adhesion and differentiation,30 wound healing,31 and apoptosis.5 Multiple lines of evidence suggest an involvement of TG2 in disease pathology such as autoimmune diseases (celiac disease), cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases12 (Table 1). Here, TGM2 is linked to autoimmune disease.