Evaluation of fetal TSC cases demonstrated an activation of the IL-1 receptor (R)/Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway also in developing TSC brain lesions (Prabowo et al. 2013), suggesting that the induction of this pathway could be intrinsic to the developmental lesion and linked to the deregulation of the mTOR pathway. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is tuberous sclerosis.