CD274 and neoplasm: However, emerging studies indicate that this cytokine can also have some tumor-promoting properties through induction of IL-10 production (Awasthi and others 2007; Stumhofer and others 2008; Pot and others 2011) and PD-L1 expression (Karakhanova and others 2011; Hirahara and others 2012), suggesting that its antitumor immunity may be limited by the potent immunosuppression mediated by IL-10 and PD-L1.