DM is further classified as type 1 (T1DM), which results from pancreatic beta cell failure such that insufficient insulin is produced to effectively clear blood glucose; type 2 (T2DM), which is defined by a state of insulin resistance whereby target cells fail to effectively respond to the hormone, insulin; and gestational DM, which occurs when pregnant women develop insulin resistance during pregnancy. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.