Luminex analyses on the culture supernatants showed that GIFT4-CLL cells produced significant amounts of immune-stimulatory cytokines and chemokines IL-6, IL-1β, VEGF, ICAM1 (Fig. 2a), and substantial amounts of IL-2, IL-8 and FGFB (Fig. 2b), in comparison with GM-CSF and IL-4 treated, or untreated CLL cells. Here, CSF2 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.