This is consistent with previously published reports showing an increase in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in healthy subjects 2 days after influenza immunization that can be partly ascribed to an early rise in IL-6, but not TNF-α, 1 day post-vaccination.34,35 We cannot exclude, therefore, a change in levels of inflammatory cytokines among groups at time points other than those considered in the current study. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and influenza.