A recent in silico analysis showed that strong binding of HBZ peptides [13], but not Tax peptides [which are immunodominant for circulating HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)], to HLA class 1 molecules was associated with lower PVL and a reduced risk of developing HAM/TSP [13]. The gene discussed is HBZ; the disease is tropical spastic paraparesis.