For example, IL-8, a neutrophil chemoattractant commonly produced in diverse carcinoma cell lines, has been shown to be associated with metastatic potential, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation of HCC31, and stimulation from various factors, such as IL-1 and TNF-α, can result in rapid IL-8 transcription and production32, 33. Here, TNF is linked to carcinoma.