CXCL1 and breast cancer: The IL-1 and NFκB signaling pathways seem to play pivotal roles in these effects, as NFκB has been shown to be involved in the regulation of the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells through CXCL-1 and −243; further, IL-1 was able to stimulate the NFκB signaling pathway as well as to trigger stromal cells to secrete various chemokines including CXCL242.