Given that prior work in breast cancer cell lines and fish oocytes determined that estrogen binding to GPER modulates cAMP (Filardo et al., 2002; Thomas et al., 2005; Cabas et al., 2013; Majumder et al., 2015; Pang and Thomas, 2010), and that cAMP signaling stimulates melanin synthesis, we thought it possible that GPER may be the physiologically relevant human melanocyte estrogen receptor. Here, GPER1 is linked to breast carcinoma.