Furthermore, the polymorphisms of other genes such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) and apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) have been shown in associations with kidney diseases (Freedman et al., 2009; Vuong et al., 2009; Langefeld et al., 2015). The gene discussed is APOL1; the disease is kidney disorder.