SHBG and metabolic syndrome: There is also a growing awareness that abnormal plasma SHBG levels, and the subsequent changes in the plasma levels and distribution of sex steroids, are not only predictive of numerous clinical conditions, including low bone density (Slemenda et al. 1997) and osteoporotic fracture (Cawthon et al. 2016) in men, and risk for the metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases in both sexes (Kim & Halter 2014), but may be directly implicated in the etiology of some of these diseases (Legrand et al. 2001, Ding et al. 2009).