It has also been shown that CD8+ T cells isolated from patients with SSc mediates increased collagen1A and fibronectin expression in dermal fibroblasts in culture and that this can be blocked by incubation with an anti-IL-13 antibody, but not by an anti-IL-4 antibody or isotype control indicating this is IL-13 specific and not mediated through IL-4. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and systemic sclerosis.