IL18 and systemic lupus erythematosus: The induction of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα, TNFβ, IL1β, and GM-CSF (Figure 2) and also IL18, IL10, and IL4 (Figure 3), which are involved in various T-cell responses (IL18 and IL10 in Th1 response and IL4 in Th2 response), were all found to be normally induced in SLE patients subsequent to EBNA1 stimulation (Figure 2, left and Figure 3, left).