Data from a cross-sectional study of children in a metropolitan United States city failed to show an association between levels of dog specific IgE and self-reported allergy symptoms [39] and, in a recent study of dogs described as hypoallergenic, Can f 1 levels were actually higher but the vast majority of owners who self-reported as being allergic to dogs believed their allergy symptoms were reduced with the hypoallergenic dogs [15]. Here, IGHE is linked to allergic disease.