For example, an intact p19ARF-Mdm2-p53-p21 pathway is important for protecting cells from immortalisation and results from a previous study revealed that depleting TBX3 in chondrosarcoma cells led to an increase in p19ARF, p53 and p21 protein levels which was accompanied by a decrease in cell proliferation [13]. Here, TBX3 is linked to chondrosarcoma.