TNF and hypochondroplasia: Proinflammatory factors such as serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) may indicate potential mechanism of the brain injury [8] and may investigate pathogenesis of HCH-SBI. Nao-Xue-Shu oral liquid [9], a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is often used to treat HCH in China and decrease the incidence of SBI.