Treatment of nonobese diabetic mice with the DPP-4 inhibitor, NVP-DPP728 (30 mg/kg), significantly increased the levels of plasma transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and increased CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, contributing to the remission of diabetes [45]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.