In general, patients with AML are separated into three groups, i.e., patients with abnormal karyotype (e.g., translocations, t(8;21), t(15;17) or inversions inv(16)), normal karyotype (usually with point mutations in the genes FLT3ITD, NPM1, IDH1), and complex karyotype (with multiple (cyto)genetic abnormalities, e.g., 3q, 7q, and trisomy 8). The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.