To elucidate the role of IP-10 elevation induced by TGF-β1-expressing MSCs in modulating UIP-HLFs, a human IP-10-neutralizing antibody (R&D Systems, AF-266-NA) was administrated to HBMSCs, prior to co-culture with CTD-UIP HLFs for 48 hours. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.