Experimental studies have identified the kinases IKKβ (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa‐B kinase subunit beta), IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1), JNK (c‐jun N‐terminal kinase) and PKR (double‐stranded RNA protein kinase) as major contributors to the induction of inflammation in tissue affected by metabolic disorders 28, 29, 30. The gene discussed is IRS1; the disease is Other metabolic disease.