Experimental studies have identified the kinases IKKβ (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa‐B kinase subunit beta), IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1), JNK (c‐jun N‐terminal kinase) and PKR (double‐stranded RNA protein kinase) as major contributors to the induction of inflammation in tissue affected by metabolic disorders 28, 29, 30. This evidence concerns the gene IRS1 and metabolic disease.