Tumour‐associated macrophages express and release numerous pro‐angiogenic cytokines: VEGF, platelet‐derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase (PDEC‐GF/TP), fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), transforming growth factor‐α/β (TGF‐α/β), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐1/6/8, platelet‐activating factor‐α (PAF‐α), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), granulocyte (G)‐CSF, GM‐CSF, PDEC‐GF/TP and chemokines 11. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.