In addition, we detected in rCsBPI-treated fish enhanced expression of a number of immune genes involved in proinflammatory response (IL-6 and IL-8), antibacterial immunity (CsCCK1 and CsCXCe1) [30,31], antiviral immunity (CsISG15) [32], and both antibacterial and antiviral immune respones (CsHMG and IRF8) [19,21]; the upregulated expression of all these genes very likely contributes to the ability of rCsBPI to inhibit bacterial as well as viral infection. Here, IL6 is linked to viral infectious disease.