Among them, 303 (81.9%) received treatment including insulin (n = 48, 13.0%), oral hypoglycemic agent (n = 244, 65.9%), and non-pharmacotherapy only (n = 11, 3.0%); whereas among 5,544 community controls, 860 (15.5%) were diagnosed with DM with 784 (91.2%) receiving treatment including insulin (n = 75, 8.7%), oral hypoglycemic agent (n = 696, 80.9%), and non-pharmacotherapy only (n = 13, 1.5%). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.