It is plausible that excess dietary intake of refined carbohydrates upregulates CETP activity, perhaps via postprandial and/or chronic elevations of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and/or VLDL (Kontush et al., 2013[18]; Miller, 2015[25]; Scharnagl et al., 2014[36]; Sprandel et al. 2015[41]), and carbohydrate restriction plausibly reverses this hyperactivity, especially in the setting of insulin re-sistance and atherogenic dyslipidaemia. Here, INS is linked to inherited lipid metabolism disorder.