It is becoming evident that ATLOs provide a new paradigm of atherosclerosis-specific B-cell immunity and possibly autoimmunity: ATLO B-cell responses occur in aged animals, whereas aortas of young ApoE−/− or young and aged WT mice do not show a significant aorta B-cell compartment.30,46–48 It should be pointed out, however, that this study falls short of proving antigen-specific ATLO-dependent autoimmune B-2 B-cell generation. Here, APOE is linked to atherosclerosis.