Whether the expression of EPHA3 was upregulated or downregulated in H1688 cells, there was no significant difference in tumor growth (mean H1688 tumor volumes = 72 mm3 vs shRNA = 112 vs EPHA3 = 60 mm3, P > 0.05, t test; Fig. 8a, b). This evidence concerns the gene EPHA3 and neoplasm.