We show herein that IL-1 affects three aspects of neutrophil behaviour following ingenol mebutate administration; (i) increased recruitment to the tumour (Fig 3B), consistent with the widely reported role of IL-1 in promoting neutrophil recruitment [32,33,34,35,51,52,53], (ii) reduced neutrophil apoptosis (Fig 3C), with IL-1 previously reported to inhibit neutrophil apoptosis [36,37,38], and (iii) increased tumour killing, consistent with the reported role of IL-1 in promoting neutrophil activation [40,41]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is neoplasm.