This protein can be induced by pathogenic cytokines related to autoinflammatory diseases, such as IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α.32–34 Indeed, it has been reported that the level of sCD54 was increased in the serum from patients with FMF and patients with Adult Still Disease.35,36 These finding are consistent with our present observation that sCD54 clearly correlates with IL-18 in the serum from FMF patients in attack. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and familial Mediterranean fever.