Recent studies have indicated MAPK signaling pathways play key roles and act as therapeutic targets in liver injury (44).  As findings indicate, these studied proteins belong to PPAR signaling, MAPK signaling, Endocytosis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, arginine and proline metabolism, drug metabolism, cardiac muscle contraction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) pathway. Here, PPARA is linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.