Separate analysis of HSP27 and 70 serum concentrations in patients with TCs, thymomas and TH revealed significantly increased HSP70 serum concentrations only in TCs compared to TH (p = 0.027), whereas there was no significant difference for HSP27 serum concentrations between those subgroups (p = 0.236; HSP27[pg/ml]: TC 635.9 ± 118.3 vs. thymoma 412.5 ± 73.2 vs. TH 464.6 ± 80.1 and HSP70[ng/ml]: TC 2.4 ± 0.5 vs. thymoma 1.7 ± 0.3 vs. TH 1.3 ± 0.1; Table 3; Fig. 6). This evidence concerns the gene HSPA1A and thymoma.