They proposed that in the early stages of atherosclerosis, circulating concentration of S-endoglin increases due to damage of endothelial cells, but with the progression of the atherosclerotic process, S-endoglin concentration decreases due to elevated levels of S-endoglin/TGF-β1 complexes in blood serum (36). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is atherosclerosis.