Our findings suggest that within the first decade of T1DM onset, circulating concentrations of S-endoglin may increase before an increase in CIMT and with the rise of AER above a definite critical level which might be closer to the lower range of microalbuminuria; a comparative decrease in the circulating S-endoglin level may be observed in adolescents with T1DM. This evidence concerns the gene ENG and type 1 diabetes mellitus.