In SK-N-AS and SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells transfected with empty vector control, the nuclei were healthy and uniform with no cleaved caspase-3 detected whereas cells transfected with XAF1 displayed signs of apoptosis - nuclear condensation and fragmentation accompanied by the presence of cleaved caspase-3 (Figure 3E and 3F). This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and neuroblastoma.