We tested the effect of ZM-241385 [52], an antagonist to the A2AR, on TCR-stimulated IL-2 mRNA increases in primary human CD4+ T cells grown in conditions that promote either TH1 or TH2 differentiation and in the Jurkat human CD4+ T cell leukemia line, a well-established model system for studying T cell receptor signaling [53] (Fig. 1). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is T-cell leukemia.