Levels of IL-6, IL-5Rα, CXCR3, CXCL16, NOV/CCN3, MIP-1d, or BMP-15 in patients with SP-ARDS increased significantly from day 1 and on and remained significantly higher during the hospital stay, as compared with both SP alone or controls. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL16 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.