PDX1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Early growth and prenatal abnormalities predict in the long term—via epigenetic pathways—an increased risk for T2D.127 One of many examples of possible interplay between genetics and epigenetics in diabetes is given by the maturity-onset diabetes of the young 4 (MODY4) IPF-1 gene, an essential transcription factor in pancreas development and proliferation.